Chapter 18. The Wage-Price Spiral and Evil Labor Unions
1. Lindbeck and Snower, 2001.
2. https://news.gallup.com/poll/12751/labor-unions.aspx. Gallup-documented public support in the
United States for labor unions has been gaining strength since 2009, reaching 62% support in 2018.
3. J. H. Carmical, “Railroads Facing New Labor Crisis,” New York Times, March 12, 1950, p. F1.
4. Joe Edwards, “Transcripts Cite Hoffa Allies’ Plot against FBI,” Boston Globe, July 25, 2009, p. A10.
5. Blinder, 2004.
6. Bernanke et al., 1998.
7. Eisenhower, State of the Union Address, January 10, 1957, https://www.eisenhower.archives.gov/all
_about_ike/speeches/1957_state_of_the_union.pdf.
8. Virgil P. Pownall, “Greed Blamed for Inflation,” Los Angeles Times, August 26, 1957, p. B4.
9. “Our Price Policeman,” New York Times, June 18, 1957, p. 32.
10. Friedman, 1973, p. ix.
11. Friedman, 1973, p. xi.
12. Sydney J. Harris, “Nothing about our Current Wage-Price Spiral Makes Sense,” Arizona Republic,
October 8, 1975, p. 7.
13. Shiller, 1997, p. 16.
14. Donald I. Rogers, “Cause of Recession? No One Really Knows: It Came Like a Sudden Shower and
Is the Oddest in History,” New York Herald Tribune, March 31, 1958, p. 1.
15. Richards, 1863, p. 12.
16. Fisher, 1928, p. 7.

Chapter 19. Future Narratives, Future Research
1. Hopkins et al., 2016.
2. Indiana University Lilly Family School of Philanthropy, GenerosityForLife.org, Charitable Profile,
http://generosityforlife.org/generosity-data/data-tools/generosity-reports/.
3. “Reading Aloud,” Washington Post, October 25, 1899, p. 6.
4. See Colley, 2003.
5. Regarding women, see Driscoll et al., 2009.
6. OECD, “Behavioral Insights,” 2017, http://www.oecd.org/gov/regulatory-policy/behavioural-insights
.htm. See also Zeina Afif, “ ‘Nudge Units’—Where They Came From and What They Can Do,” World
Bank “Let’s Talk Development” blog, October 25, 2017, http://blogs.worldbank.org/developmenttalk/nudge
-units-where-they-came-and-what-they-can-do.
7. https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/presidential-speeches/march-4-1933-first-inaugural-address.
8. https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/presidential-speeches/march-12-1933-fireside-chat-1-banking-
crisis.
9. See https://www.sistrix.com/ask-sistrix/google-index-google-bot-crawler/why-does-a-google-search-
with-the-parenthesis-operator-sometimes-deliver-more-results-than-the-same-search-without-it/.
10. Callahan and Elliott, 1996.
11. Piore, 2010.
12. Blinder, 1990; Blinder et al., 1998.
13. Bewley, 1999.
14. David Romer and Christina Romer (1989), using what they called a “narrative approach,” studied the
Record of Policy Actions and Minutes of the Federal Open Markets Committee of the US Federal Reserve
to discern the real impact of monetary policy. Valerie Ramey (2011) and Alberto Alesina, Carlo Favero, and
Francesco Giavazzi (2019) have used narrative approaches to study the effects of fiscal policy. All these
studies were focused on finding the real exogenous component of government policy, rather than, as in this
book, on understanding the thinking of the broader public.
15. Merton and Kendall, 1946.
16. http://www.issp.org/menu-top/home/.
17. http://gss.norc.org/.
18. https://isr.umich.edu/. See also the book from the director of the ISR’s consumer surveys, Richard
Thomas Curtin (2019).
19. https://medium.com/ideo-stories/the-focus-group-is-dead-24e1ec2dda82.
20. See, for example, Edmunds, 2000.
21. https://ropercenter.cornell.edu/.
22. For example, Chen et al. (2016) compute a “propagation score” of narrative contagion based on
citations and citations within citations. Such measures relate to the contagion importance of narratives
beyond the mere count of numbers of mention.